Geography- One Liners

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Geography-Some Basic Terms/Terminology/Other important points


 

 

1-Confluence: The point at which two rivers or streams join.

Confluence
Confluence

 

 

 

 

 


 

2-Mouth: The point where the river comes to the end, usually when entering a sea.


 

3-Tributary: A smaller river which joins a larger stream or river and thus increases its water volume.


 

4-Distributary: The small river that branches out from the main river and then never meets again.


 

5-River Basin: All the area drained by a river and its tributaries.

River Basin
River Basin

 

 

 


 

6-Catchment area: It refers to all the area of land over which rain falls and is caught to serve a river basin.

Catchment area
Catchment area

 

 

 


 

7-River Profile: It refers to the cross-section of a river from its source to mouth representing the height of the river at various points. The peninsular rivers have almost reached their base levels of erosion.


 

8-River Rejuvenation refers to a significant enhancement in the erosive power of the rivers.


 

9-River regime: It refers to the seasonal fluctuation in respect of volume of water in the river.


 

10-Discharge: The volume of water flowing in a river measured over time. It is measured either in cusecs (cubic feet per second) or cumecs (cubic metres per second)


 

11-Delta: A river mouth choked with sediment causing the main channel to split into smaller branching channels or distributaries. The name originates from the Greek for the Delta’s ‘D’-like shape.

Delta
Delta

 

 

 

 

 


 

12-Erosion: the wearing away of the bed and banks of the river channel by abrasion, hydraulic action, solution, and attrition.

Erosion
Erosion

 


 

13-Eutrophication- the excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to run-off from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life.


 

14-Gorge: a steep-sided, narrow rocky valley marking the retreat of a waterfall.

Gorge
Gorge

 

 

 

 

 


15-Meander: A bend in a river. The outside of the meander has the fastest flow and deepest water.

Meander
Meander

 

 

 

 

 


 

16-Ox-Bow Lake: a meander which has been cut off from the main river channel and abandoned.

 

Ox-Bow Lake
Ox-Bow Lake

 

 

 

 

 


 

17-Sedimentation: The settling out of suspended particles from a body of water (or in some cases, very fine particles settled from the air or blown by the wind.


 

18-Spur: a narrow neck of Highland extending into a river valley, often forming the divide between two tributaries.


 

19-Traction: material rolled along the bed of the river.


 

20-V-shaped Valley: a deep V-shaped valley is usually found in the upper course of the river where the water has considerable erosive power.


 

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