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Chemistry – Atoms -Important Properties-Important One Liners

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Atoms -Important Properties-Important One Liners

 

1-An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.

2-Every atom is composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus.

3-Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms.

4-The nucleus is made of one or more protons and typically a similar number of neutrons.

5-Atoms are very small; typical sizes are around 100 picometers (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short scale)

6-Protons and neutrons are called nucleons.

7-The protons have a positive electric charge, the electrons have a negative electric charge, and the neutrons have no electric charge.

8-Atoms can attach to one or more other atoms by chemical bonds to form chemical compounds such as molecules.

9- The number of neutrons defines the isotope of the element. The number of electrons influences the magnetic properties of an atom.

10-In the early 1800s, John Dalton used the concept of atoms to explain why elements always react in ratios of small whole numbers (the law of multiple proportions).

11-In 1827, botanist Robert Brown used a microscope to look at dust grains floating in water and discovered that they moved about erratically, a phenomenon that became known as “Brownian motion”.

12-French physicist Jean Perrin used Einstein’s work to experimentally determine the mass and dimensions of atoms, thereby conclusively verifying Dalton’s atomic theory.

13-The term isotope was coined by Margaret Todd as a suitable name for different atoms that belong to the same element.

14-J.J. Thomson created a technique for separating atom types through his work on ionized gases, which subsequently led to the discovery of stable isotopes.

15-In 1913 the physicist Niels Bohr proposed a model in which the electrons of an atom were assumed to orbit the nucleus but could only do so in a finite set of orbits, and could jump between these orbits only in discrete changes of energy corresponding to absorption or radiation of a photon.

16- In 1944, Hahn received the Nobel prize in chemistry.

17-The neutron was discovered in 1932 by the English physicist James Chadwick.

18-The proton, the electron, and the neutron are classified as fermions.

19-Valency is the combining power of an element. It is equal to number of hydrogen atoms that atom can combine or displace in forming compounds

20-The outermost electron shell of an atom in its uncombined state is known as the valence shell, and the electrons in that shell are called valence electrons.

21-The Earth contains approximately 1.33×1050 atoms.

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